non-developmental) phonological processes, e.g. CWHL showed a similar trend of age of elimination to CWNH, but at a slower rate. Unintelligible speech in childhood is often characterised by the use of unusual or deviant (i.e. The findings indicate that it is important for clinicians to consider phonological assessment in pre-school CWHL and the use of evidence-based speech therapy in order to reduce non-developmental and non-age-appropriate developmental processes, thereby enhancing their speech intelligibility.Ĭhildren with normal hearing Cochlear implant Hearing aid Hearing loss Phonological processes Speech production.Ĭopyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. RESULTS:Developmental phonological processes were eliminated in the speech of younger and older CWNH while eleven developmental phonological processes persisted in the speech of both age groups of CWHL. Nondevelopmental phonological processes can be a functional speech sound disorder, which has no known cause. nondevelopmental) phonological processes, e.g. Final consonant deletion, weak syllable deletion, backing, and glottal replacement were present in the speech of HA users, affecting their overall speech intelligibility.ĭevelopmental and non-developmental phonological processes persist in the speech of children with mild to profound hearing loss compared to their peers with typical hearing. Unintelligible speech in childhood is often characterised by the use of unusual or deviant (i.e. The results showed that of 320 children, 57.5 had phonological delay, 20.6 consistently made non-developmental errors, 9.4 made inconsistent errors on. Children with HAs and CIs produced similar phonological processes. Stridency Deletion: omission of strident consonants or replacement of them with non-strident consonants. CWHL showed a similar trend of age of elimination to CWNH, but at a slower rate. Speech samples obtained from a list of 88 words, derived from three standardized speech tests, were analyzed using the CASALA (Computer Aided Speech and Language Analysis) program to evaluate participants' phonological systems, based on lax (a process appeared at least twice in the speech of at least two children) and strict (a process appeared at least five times in the speech of at least two children) counting criteria.ĭevelopmental phonological processes were eliminated in the speech of younger and older CWNH while eleven developmental phonological processes persisted in the speech of both age groups of CWHL. A second aim was to compare phonological processes of HA and CI users.Ĭhildren with hearing loss (CWHL, N = 25) were compared to children with normal hearing (CWNH, N = 30) with similar age, gender, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Estimates of the incidence of developmental phonological disorders in the 5. In this descriptive study, phonological processes were examined in the speech of children aged 5 0-7 6 (years months) with mild to profound hearing loss using hearing aids (HAs) and cochlear implants (CIs), in comparison to their peers. non-developmental) phonological processes, e.g.
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